{"id":116,"date":"2020-12-01T19:17:49","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T19:17:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jiroutek.work\/fenomen\/?page_id=116"},"modified":"2023-08-21T12:27:21","modified_gmt":"2023-08-21T12:27:21","slug":"zajimavosti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jiroutek.work\/fenomen\/zajimavosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Zaj\u00edmavosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/jiroutek.work\/fenomen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/jested-bg.jpg” parallax=”on” custom_css_before=”content: ”;|| position: absolute;|| bottom: 0;|| width: 100%;|| height: 200px;|| background: linear-gradient(to top, #151515, transparent);|| z-index: 10000;” locked=”off”][et_pb_fullwidth_header _builder_version=”4.7.6″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” background_enable_image=”off” parallax=”on” parallax_method=”on” min_height=”60vh” custom_padding=”||6px|||”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” admin_label=”Zajimavosti” module_id=”kyvadlo” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ background_color=”#151515″ custom_padding=”100px||50px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”20px||20px||true|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||true|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_row admin_label=”zajimavosti” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Title” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ text_font=”||||” text_text_color=”#ff8c05″ header_font=”Oswald|on||on|” header_text_align=”center” header_text_color=”#ff8c05″ header_line_height=”1.3em” custom_margin=”||11px|||” custom_padding=”|||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” header_font_size_tablet=”50px” header_font_size_phone=”35px” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavosti<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#999999″ divider_position=”center” divider_weight=”3px” color_tablet=”” color_phone=”” color_last_edited=”on|tablet” show_divider_tablet=”on” show_divider_phone=”on” show_divider_last_edited=”on|phone” disabled_on=”off|off|off%22″ _builder_version=”4.9.1″ max_width=”150px” module_alignment=”center” height=”false” custom_margin=”30px|||” custom_margin_tablet=”20px||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_delay=”100ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” locked=”off”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.1″ width=”70%” max_width=”700px” custom_margin=”18px|auto||auto||” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”10px||||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding=”2px||14px|||” animation_style=”slide” animation_delay=”200ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” border_color_all=”#FF8C05″ locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ admin_label=”Column” _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_button button_url=”#oceneni-stavby” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”OCEN\u011aN\u00cd” button_alignment=”right” button_alignment_tablet=”center” button_alignment_phone=”center” button_alignment_last_edited=”on|tablet” module_class=”class \u201cpa-inline-buttons” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”18px” button_text_color=”#999999″ button_icon=”%%1%%” custom_margin=”3px|||||” locked=”off” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” button_text_color__hover=”#ff8c05″ button_border_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” button_border_color__hover=”#ff8c05″][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_button button_url=”#kyvadloo” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”KYVADLO” button_alignment=”left” button_alignment_tablet=”center” button_alignment_phone=”center” button_alignment_last_edited=”on|tablet” module_class=”class \u201cpa-inline-buttons” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”18px” button_text_color=”#999999″ button_icon=”%%1%%” custom_margin=”3px|||||” custom_margin_tablet=”0px||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” locked=”off” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” button_text_color__hover=”#ff8c05″ button_border_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” button_border_color__hover=”#ff8c05″][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” admin_label=”Oceneni” module_id=”oceneni-stavby” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ custom_margin=”51px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”35px||1px|||” custom_padding_tablet=”15px||||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_delay=”400ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Top Destination Sub Title” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ text_font=”Roboto||||” text_text_color=”#ff8c05″ text_font_size=”25px” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_2_font_size=”35px” header_2_line_height=”1.6em” header_4_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”-15px|||||” custom_padding=”8px|||||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_delay=”400ms” animation_intensity_slide=”5%” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”20px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

\n

OCEN\u011aN\u00cd STAVBY |\u00a0 Cena UIA Augusta Perreta (1969)\u2028
\nStavba stolet\u00ed (2000)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ _builder_version=”4.8.1″ locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text quote_border_weight=”3px” quote_border_color=”#ff8c05″ admin_label=”Sub Title” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ text_font=”Roboto||||” text_text_color=”#999″ text_font_size=”19px” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_padding=”37px|||||” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_delay=”200ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” locked=”off”]Hlavn\u00ed architekt<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 Karel Hub\u00e1\u010dek
\nN\u00e1vrhy interi\u00e9r\u016f hotelu a\u00a0restaurace<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 Otakar Binar
\nStatika<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 Zden\u011bk Patrman, Zden\u011bk Zacha\u0159
\nStavebn\u00ed konstrukce<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 Josef Patrman a\u00a0V\u00e1clav B\u016f\u017eek
\nRozpo\u010dty<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 Jaroslav Kouck\u00fd
\nElektro<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 Sl\u00e1vek Zr\u016fst
\nVzduchotechnika a\u00a0vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 Otta Valouch[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text quote_border_weight=”3px” quote_border_color=”#ff8c05″ admin_label=”Sub Title” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ text_font=”Roboto||||” text_text_color=”#999″ text_font_size=”19px” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_padding=”37px|||||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_delay=”200ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” locked=”off”]V\u00fd\u0161ka stavby<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 p\u016fvodn\u011b 82m, v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti 90m
\nKruhov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br z\u00e1kladny<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 33m
\nZ\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men polo\u017een<\/span> 30. 7. 1966
\nInvestor<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 Spr\u00e1va radiokomunikac\u00ed, Praha
\nCelkov\u00e1 cena<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 64\u00a0000\u00a0000 K\u010ds v\u00a0roce 1973
\nGener\u00e1ln\u00ed dodavatel<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 Pozemn\u00ed stavby, Liberec[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/jiroutek.work\/fenomen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Jested-oceneni-stavby.jpg” title_text=”Jested-oceneni-stavby” align=”center” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_padding=”41px|||||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_delay=”1000ms” animation_intensity_slide=”0%” hover_enabled=”0″ animation=”fade_in” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ admin_label=”Row” _builder_version=”4.9.0″ locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text quote_border_weight=”3px” quote_border_color=”#ff8c05″ admin_label=”Sub Title” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ text_font=”Roboto||||” text_text_color=”#999″ text_font_size=”19px” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_padding=”37px|||||” custom_padding_tablet=”10px||||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_delay=”200ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

SUBDODAVATEL\u00c9<\/bold><\/span>
Ingstav Pardubice<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 betov\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159
V\u00edtkovick\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1rny<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 ocelov\u00e1 konstrukce
Glaverbel<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 zasklen\u00ed Je\u0161t\u011bdu (p\u016fvodn\u011b izola\u010dn\u00edm dvojsklem Stopray Gold, v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b izola\u010dn\u00edm dvojsklem ve slo\u017een\u00ed Stopray Silver 43\/25\u00a06\u2009mm -10- Planibel clear 6\u2009mm
\u2028Zukov Praha<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 hlin\u00edkov\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165
\u2028Rudn\u00e9 doly Ejpovice<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 kryt\u00ed ant\u00e9n ze sklolamin\u00e1tov\u00fdch desek
\u2028Ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd svaz<\/span>\u00a0 |\u00a0 11\u2009 metr\u016f dlouh\u00e9 palcov\u00e9 nosn\u00e9 ty\u010de pro upevn\u011bn\u00ed sklolamin\u00e1tov\u00fdch desek<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” admin_label=”Historie foto” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ width_tablet=”100%” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|tablet” max_width_tablet=”80%” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_margin=”40px|auto||auto|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”20px||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding=”||8px||false|false” module_alignment_tablet=”center” module_alignment_phone=”” module_alignment_last_edited=”on|tablet” make_fullwidth=”on” locked=”off” width__hover_enabled=”on|desktop”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.7.4″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/jiroutek.work\/fenomen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Karel-Hubacek.jpg” alt=”Karel Hub\u00e1\u010dek” title_text=”Karel Hub\u00e1\u010dek” force_fullwidth=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ animation_style=”zoom” animation_intensity_zoom=”10%”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.1″ text_font=”Roboto||||” text_text_color=”#999999″ text_font_size=”12px” min_height=”29px” custom_margin=”-20px||||false|false” custom_padding=”4px||4px||true|false” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_delay=”200ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

Karel Hub\u00e1\u010dek, doc. Ing. arch., Dr.h.c<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/jiroutek.work\/fenomen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Otakar-Binar.jpg” alt=”Otakar Binar” title_text=”Otakar Binar” force_fullwidth=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ animation_style=”zoom” animation_intensity_zoom=”10%”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.1″ text_font=”Roboto||||” text_text_color=”#999999″ text_font_size=”12px” module_alignment=”right” min_height=”29px” custom_margin=”-20px||||false|false” custom_padding=”4px||4px||true|false” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”top” animation_delay=”200ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

Otakar Binar, akad. arch.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Kyvadlo” module_id=”kyvadloo” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ background_color=”#151515″ custom_padding=”6px|||||” custom_padding_tablet=”20px||20px||true|false” custom_padding_phone=”10px||10px||true|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ admin_label=”Kyvadlo” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ custom_margin=”59px|auto||auto||” custom_margin_tablet=”20px||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_padding=”35px||1px|||” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Top Destination Sub Title” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ text_font=”Roboto||||” text_text_color=”#ff8c05″ text_font_size=”25px” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_2_font=”|||on|||||” header_2_text_color=”#FF8C05″ header_2_font_size=”35px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_4_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”-15px|||||” custom_padding=”8px|||||” animation_direction=”top” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”20px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

\n

KYVADLO<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row module_id=”kyvadlo” _builder_version=”4.9.1″ _module_preset=”default” width_tablet=”80%” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_margin=”17px|auto||auto||” custom_margin_tablet=”0px||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|tablet” animation_direction=”top”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.8.1″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text quote_border_weight=”3px” quote_border_color=”#FF8C05″ _builder_version=”4.9.1″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#999999″ text_font_size=”19px” header_font=”||||||||” header_4_font=”||||||||” header_4_font_size=”30px” custom_margin=”-1px|||||” header_4_font_size_tablet=”” header_4_font_size_phone=”22px” header_4_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” border_color_all=”#FF8C05″]<\/p>\n

Kmit\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u011btru<\/h4>\n

Brzy po dokon\u010den\u00ed ocelov\u00e9 konstrukce v\u011b\u017ee a osazen\u00ed lamin\u00e1tov\u00e9ho n\u00e1stavce bylo n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t pozorov\u00e1no, \u017ee se jej\u00ed \u0161t\u00edhl\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st za nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00e9ho ust\u00e1len\u00e9ho v\u011btru rozkmitala amplitudami, kter\u00e9 vzbuzovaly obavu. Jev rozkmit\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1lcov\u00fdch t\u011bles v proudu vzduchu \u010di vody souvis\u00ed s mechanizmem jejich obt\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed: za jist\u00fdch podm\u00ednek se za v\u00e1lcem odtrh\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b na obou jeho stran\u00e1ch v\u00edry, kter\u00e9 vyvozuj\u00ed pravidelnou bud\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edlu, a ta, u poddajn\u00fdch a m\u00e1lo tlumen\u00fdch soustav, rezonan\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem t\u011bleso rozkmit\u00e1. Tento jev je zn\u00e1m ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 let, a v polovin\u011b minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, po masov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, se za\u010dal hojn\u011bji projevovat i na trubkov\u00fdch a v\u00e1lcov\u00fdch konstrukc\u00edch, jako jsou plechov\u00e9 kom\u00edny, mostn\u00ed stojky a sto\u017e\u00e1ry. Projeven\u00e9 kmit\u00e1n\u00ed tehdy nebylo objektivn\u011b zm\u011b\u0159eno, byla jen odpo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na frekvence 50 kmit\u016f za minutu, a amplituda odhadnuta na 20 cm. To by z hlediska vyvolan\u00fdch nap\u011bt\u00ed nebylo pro konstrukci nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, nicm\u00e9n\u011b nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd psychologick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek na pozorovatele, nejistota v o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 \u010detnosti opakov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto jevu, riziko naru\u0161en\u00ed vys\u00edlan\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu i obava z \u00fanavy materi\u00e1lu p\u0159inutily projektanty takov\u00e9 rozkmit\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b vylou\u010dit. Tak se stalo, \u017ee kr\u00e1tce po t\u00e9to z\u00e1vad\u011b se u autora tohoto textu objevil Ing. Patrman a inicioval tak dal\u0161\u00ed kapitolku technick\u00e9 historie je\u0161t\u011bdsk\u00e9ho vys\u00edla\u010de.<\/p>\n

Kyvadlo pohlcova\u010de zav\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159mi t\u00e1hly na ocelov\u00e9m v\u00edku v\u00e1lce, s pr\u016flezem uprost\u0159ed – pohled zespodu zvnit\u0159ku lamin\u00e1tov\u00e9ho n\u00e1stavce.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text quote_border_weight=”3px” quote_border_color=”#FF8C05″ _builder_version=”4.9.0″ text_text_color=”#999999″ text_font_size=”19px” header_font=”||||||||” header_4_font=”||||||||” header_4_font_size=”30px” custom_margin=”-1px|||||” border_color_all=”#FF8C05″ locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

Kmit\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9ho\u017e typu jako na Je\u0161t\u011bdu se objevilo u\u017e i d\u0159\u00edve na vys\u00edlac\u00edch sto\u017e\u00e1rech a v\u011b\u017e\u00edch prvn\u00ed generace z konce pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let (Bukov\u00e1 hora, Such\u00e1 hora u Kremnice), byly s n\u00edm tedy ji\u017e jist\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti (Ing. Dr. Ji\u0159\u00ed Koz\u00e1k, CSc., 1922\u20132003, V\u00edtkovick\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1rny Bratislava a prof. Ing. Milo\u0161 Nov\u00e1k, Ph.D., 1925\u20131994, Klokner\u016fv \u00fastav \u010cVUT, od r. 1967 Univerzita London, Kanada). Tehdy se kmit\u00e1n\u00ed odstranilo kr\u00e1tk\u00fdmi svisl\u00fdmi \u017eebry o \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce cca 1\/10 pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u00e1lce, p\u0159iva\u0159en\u00fdmi ke d\u0159\u00edku pod\u00e9l spir\u00e1ly \u2013 t\u00edm byla zm\u011bn\u011bna aerodynamika jevu, tak\u017ee byla naru\u0161ena tvorba pravideln\u00fdch v\u00edr\u016f bud\u00edc\u00edch kmit\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento zp\u016fsob, ale se spojitou spir\u00e1lou, se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u plechov\u00fdch kom\u00edn\u016f dosud. Naru\u0161en\u00ed vzhledu, kter\u00e9 nevad\u00ed u objekt\u016f stoj\u00edc\u00edch daleko od civilizace, v\u0161ak nebylo p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 u tak exponovan\u00e9ho objektu, jako je\u0161t\u011bdsk\u00fd vys\u00edla\u010d. Zb\u00fdvalo \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed samo dynamick\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed konstrukce \u2013 dynamick\u00fd tlumi\u010d (l\u00e9pe: pohlcova\u010d) kmit\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeho princip je zn\u00e1m\u00fd minim\u00e1ln\u011b z prvn\u00ed poloviny minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed: spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159ipojen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed hmoty ke konstrukci tak, aby se p\u0159i ur\u010dit\u00e9m buzen\u00ed rozkmitala tato p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 hmota, a aby p\u016fvodn\u00ed hmota, tj. vlastn\u00ed konstrukce, z\u016fstala pokud mo\u017eno v klidu. V\u0161e je mo\u017eno propo\u010d\u00edtat a optimalizovat, probl\u00e9mem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 takov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed navrhnout tak, aby se dalo v ur\u010dit\u00e9m objektu instalovat, aby se dalo vyrobit a namontovat. U n\u00e1s s n\u00edm zat\u00edm nebyly vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti, bylo ale zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee na n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00edch v N\u011bmecku (Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fany, Berl\u00edn) se o tomto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tak\u00e9 uva\u017euje, nebo ji\u017e funguje. Probl\u00e9mem bylo jen je co nejvhodn\u011bji zkonstruovat, tak aby se dalo um\u00edstit v prostoru, kter\u00fd je pro n\u011b k dispozici, aby bylo smontovateln\u00e9 z p\u0159enosn\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f na m\u00edst\u011b, aby se dala pokud mo\u017eno p\u0159esn\u011b dodr\u017eet, a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b upravit, jeho hmotnost, doba kyvu a tlumen\u00ed, proto\u017ee na t\u011bchto veli\u010din\u00e1ch z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed jeho pohlcovac\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek. z na\u0161ich \u00favah pro v\u00e1lcov\u00fd n\u00e1stavec vyplynul tlumi\u010d jako r\u00e1m ve tvaru prstence (s mo\u017en\u00fdm pr\u016flezem ve v\u00edku v\u00e1lce na vr\u0161ek v\u011b\u017ee) a s pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdm po\u010dtem vmontovan\u00fdch z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed. Tento prstenec je zav\u011b\u0161en na \u010dty\u0159ech z\u00e1v\u011bsech o d\u00e9lce odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 dob\u011b kyvu, s automobilov\u00fdmi hydraulick\u00fdmi tlumi\u010di, op\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edmi se \u0161ikmo vzh\u016fru pod \u00fahlem cca 30\u00b0 od svisl\u00e9 do ocelov\u00e9ho v\u00edka, na kter\u00e9m vis\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 automobilov\u00e9 tlumi\u010de byly u v\u00fdrobce (Autobrzdy Jablonec) upravov\u00e1ny tak, aby vyvozovaly tlum\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edlu podle v\u00fdpo\u010dtu. Sehn\u00e1n\u00ed specialist\u016f pro detailn\u00ed projekt, v\u00fdrobu a dod\u00e1n\u00ed, a to v\u0161e v rozumn\u00e9m term\u00ednu, byl op\u011bt \u00fakol v tehdej\u0161\u00edch pom\u011brech nadlidsk\u00fd, nicm\u00e9n\u011b Ing. Patrman to dok\u00e1zal. Po je\u0161t\u011bdsk\u00e9m pohlcova\u010di pak n\u00e1sledovaly pohlcova\u010de dal\u0161\u00ed, jak rostl po\u010det mal\u00fdch i velk\u00fdch vys\u00edla\u010d\u016f pro druh\u00fd televizn\u00ed program, vybaven\u00fdch ant\u00e9nami v lamin\u00e1tov\u00e9m v\u00e1lci. Zachr\u00e1nily i v\u011b\u017e vys\u00edla\u010de na Cukr\u00e1ku, kdy\u017e se v roce 1972 zcela v\u00e1\u017en\u011b po\u017eadovalo ji, po deseti letech slu\u017eby, demontovat a nahradit novou, v obav\u011b z \u00fanavov\u00fdch defekt\u016f p\u0159i jej\u00edm o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9m kmit\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u00edsto nov\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee sta\u010dilo tu postavenou rekonstruovat pro nov\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny podle projektu Ing. Fr. \u0160im\u00e1\u010dka ze Spojprojektu Praha, co\u017e se stalo v l\u00e9tech 1974\u20131975. Tent\u00fd\u017e princip pohlcova\u010de kmit\u016f v jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm konstruk\u010dn\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mnohokr\u00e1t pou\u017eil pro ocelov\u00e9 kom\u00edny doc. Ing. Viktor Kanick\u00fd, CSc. (*1928) z Vojensk\u00e9 akademie Brno; je tak\u00e9 pou\u017eit na \u0161t\u00edhl\u00fdch l\u00e1vk\u00e1ch, v cizin\u011b i na vysok\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch. Ob\u010das se na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed objevily r\u016fzn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee \u010di mo\u017enosti konstruk\u010dn\u00edch vylep\u0161en\u00ed a zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b tlum\u00edc\u00ed kyvadla se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed dodnes, d\u00edky za\u010d\u00e1tku, u\u010din\u011bn\u00e9mu na Je\u0161t\u011bdu.<\/p>\n

Pro \u00faplnost je je\u0161t\u011b mo\u017eno zm\u00ednit, \u017ee k dynamick\u00e9mu pohlcova\u010di, kter\u00fd br\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu konstrukce setrva\u010dn\u00fdmi silami vyvozovan\u00fdmi k\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00e9 hmoty, existuje alternativa, a to r\u00e1zov\u00fd pohlcova\u010d. Jeho hmota (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b n\u011bkolik hmot) se p\u0159i kmit\u00e1n\u00ed konstrukce rozkmit\u00e1v\u00e1 tak, \u017ee do konstrukce nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, a pohyb tlum\u00ed t\u011bmito r\u00e1zy. O praktick\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto syst\u00e9mu existuje m\u00e1lo a pouze kus\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v, jeho realizace na Je\u0161t\u011bdu by z\u0159ejm\u011b byla n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a del\u0161\u00ed, a byla proto d\u00e1na p\u0159ednost klasick\u00e9mu kyvadlu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b arch. Hub\u00e1\u010dek byl pr\u00fd nad\u0161en, kdy\u017e o tomto syst\u00e9mu sly\u0161el, jak \u017ee by bylo zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, kdyby v\u011b\u017e ve v\u011btru zvonila.<\/p>\n

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Dynamick\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky v\u011b\u017e\u00ed<\/h4>\n

Kyvadlov\u00fd pohlcova\u010d kmit\u00e1n\u00ed je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je citliv\u00e9 na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nalad\u011bn\u00ed, tj. pom\u011br sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed frekvence k vlastn\u00ed frekvenci konstrukce, a na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 tlumen\u00ed. Ob\u011b tyto veli\u010diny mohou b\u00fdt (a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Je\u0161t\u011bdu byly) vypo\u010dteny v projektu, z hlediska dlouhodob\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti tlumi\u010de v\u0161ak bylo t\u0159eba se p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, jak odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed skute\u010dnosti na hotov\u00e9m d\u00edle. Proto, aspo\u0148 zpo\u010d\u00e1tku, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm poprv\u00e9, po instalaci na Je\u0161t\u011bdu, bylo po\u017eadov\u00e1no ov\u011b\u0159it chov\u00e1n\u00ed konstrukce. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b to znamenalo zjistit skute\u010dnou vlastn\u00ed frekvenci a tlumen\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee bez kyvadla, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se zablokovan\u00fdm kyvadlem (nap\u0159. kl\u00edny znemo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi pohyb jeho hmoty), a potom s tlumi\u010dem ve funkci. Pro tato m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se tv\u016frc\u016fm Je\u0161t\u011bdu poda\u0159ilo zaanga\u017eovat jedno z tehdej\u0161\u00edch, p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u011b i person\u00e1ln\u011b nejl\u00e9pe vybaven\u00fdch, pracovi\u0161\u0165 v \u010ceskoslovensku, veden\u00e9 ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm prof. K\u0159upkou, p\u0159i Vojensk\u00e9 akademii v Brn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kmit\u016f na hotov\u00e9m d\u00edle nebylo jednoduch\u00e9 ani pro specializovan\u00fd \u00fastav. Oproti b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm, konan\u00fdm ve zku\u0161ebn\u011b nebo na dostupn\u00fdch objektech v ter\u00e9nu, kde m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 deformace a pohyby lze vzt\u00e1hnout k bl\u00edzk\u00e9mu pevn\u00e9mu bodu, zde \u0161lo o vysok\u00e9 konstrukce, na nich\u017e takov\u00fdto pevn\u00fd bod nen\u00ed k dispozici. Pohyb konstrukce je nutno m\u011b\u0159it vzhledem k jin\u00e9 hmot\u011b, spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed na m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 konstrukci, ale mus\u00ed b\u00fdt na t\u00e9to konstrukci ulo\u017eena velmi m\u011bkce, s vlastn\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e je frekvence pohybu sledovan\u00e9 konstrukce (t.zv. seizmick\u00e1 hmota, tj. princip seizmograf\u016f). Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vlastn\u00ed frekvence, spo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 pro je\u0161t\u011bdskou v\u011b\u017e, byla 0,613 Hz, tak, kdyby seizmick\u00e1 hmota m\u011bla m\u00edt polovi\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci (0,306 Hz) a byla realizov\u00e1na kyvadlem, musela by b\u00fdt zav\u011b\u0161ena na z\u00e1v\u011bsu d\u00e9lky 2,65 m \u2013 co\u017e by pro m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj nebylo dob\u0159e provediteln\u00e9. Jin\u00e1 mo\u017enost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed amplitud je oklikou p\u0159es nap\u011bt\u00ed odporov\u00fdmi tenzometry, nebo p\u0159es zrychlen\u00ed a dvoj\u00ed integraci; to je mo\u017en\u00e9, ale p\u0159i mal\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch v \u00favahu to vy\u017eaduje citliv\u00e9 akcelerometry a p\u0159esnou integraci. Druh\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem bylo vybuzen\u00ed kmit\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt m\u011b\u0159eny. U pohybu vyvolan\u00e9ho samotn\u00fdm v\u011btrem nezn\u00e1me p\u0159esn\u011b bud\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edly; mechanick\u00e9 budi\u010de s rotuj\u00edc\u00edmi excentry jsou dobr\u00e9, ale pro mal\u00e9 frekvence, jak\u00e9 se na v\u011b\u017e\u00edch vyskytuj\u00ed, jsou bud\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edly (odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 s\u00edly rotuj\u00edc\u00edch nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch hmot) velmi mal\u00e9. Je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt buzen\u00ed \u201elidskou silou\u201c \u2013 pohybem jedn\u00e9 \u010di v\u00edce osob ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m rytmu; to ale v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u011b\u017ee s funguj\u00edc\u00edm pohlcova\u010dem kv\u016fli velk\u00e9mu tlumen\u00ed selh\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

S v\u011bdom\u00edm t\u011bchto obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed byla p\u0159ipravena t\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se uskute\u010dnila v pr\u016fb\u011bhu podzimu 1970 a zimy 1971, a to na v\u011b\u017ei bez namontovan\u00e9ho pohlcova\u010de a po jeho osazen\u00ed. Pohyb byl registrov\u00e1n tenzometry na ocelov\u00e9 konstrukci i na lamin\u00e1tu, a p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm proti seizmick\u00e9 hmot\u011b v \u00farovni konce ocelov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. k rozkmit\u00e1n\u00ed bylo pou\u017eito lana upevn\u011bn\u00e9ho v \u00farovni konce ocelov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti a napjat\u00e9ho \u0161ikmo dol\u016f pod \u00fahlem 30\u00b0 od svislice k ru\u010dn\u00edmu nap\u00ednac\u00edmu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na zemi. Lano bylo po nap\u011bt\u00ed silou 54,8 kN uvoln\u011bno p\u0159ep\u00e1len\u00edm, tak\u017ee v\u011b\u017e pak dokmit\u00e1vala voln\u00fdm tlumen\u00fdm kmit\u00e1n\u00edm, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm stanovit vlastn\u00ed frekvenci i \u00fatlum v\u011b\u017ee. P\u0159i napnut\u00ed lana touto silou se vrchol v\u011b\u017ee vych\u00fdlil o 117 mm, m\u011b\u0159eno teodolitem ze zem\u011b. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed organizovali a prov\u00e1d\u011bli doc. Kanick\u00fd a Ing. Hubert Buka\u010d (*1935, od r. 1984 v USA) se spolupracovn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Rozkmit\u00e1n\u00ed napjat\u00fdm lanem je sice \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 a odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pou\u010dk\u00e1m mechaniky, nicm\u00e9n\u011b je pracn\u00e9 a zdlouhav\u00e9. Pro posledn\u00ed z uveden\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na je\u0161t\u011bdsk\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ei byl ve spolupr\u00e1ci s dal\u0161\u00edm pracovi\u0161t\u011bm t\u00e9\u017ee Vojensk\u00e9 akademie vyu\u017eit raketov\u00fd motor. Nadchl se pro to plk. Ing. Bed\u0159ich R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka, a \u00fapravou n\u011bkter\u00fdch jemu dostupn\u00fdch konstruk\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f vojensk\u00fdch raket na tuh\u00e9 palivo sestrojil snadno p\u0159enosn\u00fd, pohotov\u00fd, bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00fd raketov\u00fd motor, kter\u00fd po elektrick\u00e9m odp\u00e1len\u00ed vyvodil t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159esn\u00fd obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00fd silov\u00fd puls o velikosti (v popisovan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b) 11 kN a trv\u00e1n\u00ed 0,90 s. To se uk\u00e1zalo jako velmi v\u00fdhodn\u00fd prost\u0159edek pro rozkmit\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i dynamick\u00fdch zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd byl pak mnohokr\u00e1t pou\u017eit nejen na v\u011b\u017e\u00edch, ale i na mostech, vysok\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch, i na chlad\u00edc\u00ed v\u011b\u017ei a r\u00e1mov\u00e9m z\u00e1kladu turbogener\u00e1toru v hale elektr\u00e1rny. Zde je uveden jako posledn\u00ed z technick\u00fdch novinek vymy\u0161len\u00fdch a realizovan\u00fdch autory je\u0161t\u011bdsk\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee, kter\u00e9 se uplatnily i pozd\u011bji a jinde ne\u017e na t\u00e9to v\u011b\u017ei.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipom\u00ednan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce prob\u00edhaly p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 40 lety, tedy za zcela jin\u00fdch technick\u00fdch, ekonomick\u00fdch i politick\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f ne\u017e dnes, a i v\u011bda za tu dobu ud\u011blala velk\u00fd pokrok. Mnoh\u00e9 z uveden\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, tehdy pracn\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch, dnes u\u017e probl\u00e9m nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed: plasty se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed snad ve v\u0161ech oblastech stavebn\u00edho i strojn\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed stanoven\u00ed vlastn\u00edch kmit\u016f stavby m\u00e1 k dispozici mnohem dokonalej\u0161\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de a vyhodnocovac\u00ed aparatury a \u010dasto ani nevy\u017eaduje buzen\u00ed \u2013 citliv\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de zachyt\u00ed odezvu konstrukce na b\u011b\u017en\u00fd seizmick\u00fd neklid zp\u016fsoben\u00fd dopravou \u010di jin\u00fdm provozem v okol\u00ed, a analyz\u00e1tory na konci m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed linky vykresl\u00ed, vyp\u00ed\u0161\u00ed \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de p\u0159edaj\u00ed spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdstupu, \u010dili vlastn\u00ed frekvence i tlumen\u00ed konstrukce. Specializovan\u00e9 firmy navrhuj\u00ed i montuj\u00ed dynamick\u00e9 pohlcova\u010de kmit\u016f i do most\u016f a vysok\u00fdch budov jako ochranu p\u0159ed kmit\u00e1n\u00edm p\u016fsoben\u00fdm v\u011btrem nebo zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm, \u010dasto jsou to i pohlcova\u010de aktivn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 samy reaguj\u00ed na vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed pohyb a uprav\u00ed sv\u00e9 parametry \u010di sv\u016fj pohyb tak, aby chr\u00e1n\u011bnou konstrukci uklidnily. a samotn\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny? Je ot\u00e1zka, jak dlouho budou je\u0161t\u011b pro modern\u00ed syst\u00e9my p\u0159enosu elektromagnetick\u00fdch vln pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee typu horsk\u00e9ho hotelu Je\u0161t\u011bd. Komunika\u010dn\u00ed satelity, kabelov\u00e1 veden\u00ed nebo mal\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny na st\u0159ech\u00e1ch dom\u016f \u010di na nevysok\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00edch, tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed propojenou s\u00ed\u0165 a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed nes\u010detn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed telefonn\u00edch hovor\u016f a televizn\u00edch \u010di rozhlasov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f \u2013 bude n\u011bkdo je\u0161t\u011b pot\u0159ebovat t\u0159istametrov\u00e9 sto\u017e\u00e1ry a v\u011b\u017ee, hrd\u011b vzty\u010dovan\u00e9 v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ant\u00e9ny pro d\u00e1lkov\u00fd p\u0159enos<\/h4>\n

Ant\u00e9ny pro d\u00e1lkov\u00fd p\u0159enos (radiorel\u00e9ov\u00e9 spoje) jsou tvarem zpravidla paraboly o pr\u016fm\u011bru jeden i v\u00edce metr\u016f a vyzna\u010duj\u00ed se velkou hmotnost\u00ed. Um\u00eds\u0165uj\u00ed se proto nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysoko, jejich podklad mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b tuh\u00fd a nepohybliv\u00fd, pro sv\u016fj nosi\u010d p\u0159itom nejsou \u017e\u00e1dnou ozdobou. Pevn\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed je\u0161t\u011bdsk\u00fd vys\u00edla\u010d svou \u017eelezobetonovou konstrukc\u00ed v prostoru nad hotelem zaji\u0161\u0165oval, elegantn\u00ed linie stavby v\u0161ak nesm\u011bly b\u00fdt neforemn\u00fdmi ant\u00e9nami naru\u0161eny. Bylo t\u0159eba je schovat, ov\u0161em tak, aby jejich kryt nebr\u00e1nil \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vys\u00edlan\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu. V \u00favahu p\u0159ich\u00e1zela jedin\u011b kapota z plastu. U \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho vys\u00edla\u010de na Je\u0161t\u011bdu v\u0161ak \u0161lo o velkou a zak\u0159ivenou plochu, bez mo\u017enosti pou\u017e\u00edt jakoukoli kovovou v\u00fdztuhu \u010di spojovac\u00ed prost\u0159edek. \u00dakol, p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch socialistick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch postupech v polovin\u011b minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, byl ne\u0159e\u0161iteln\u00fd. Odpov\u011bdi v\u00fdrobc\u016f byly tehdy jednozna\u010dn\u00e9: nevyr\u00e1b\u00ed se, nejsou zku\u0161enosti, nem\u00e1me kapacitu atd. Projektant Zden\u011bk Patrman v\u0161ak dok\u00e1zal obj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt \u010ceskoslovensko a nadchnout u v\u00fdrobce lamin\u00e1t\u016f (Rudn\u00e9 doly Ejpovice) n\u011bkoho, kdo byl ochoten se zam\u00fd\u0161let nad mo\u017enostmi \u00fapravy zab\u011bhnut\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch postup\u016f, kdo dok\u00e1zal naj\u00edt zp\u016fsob, jak vyzkou\u0161et a vyrobit v\u0161e, co bylo pro Je\u0161t\u011bd t\u0159eba. Podobn\u011b se dok\u00e1zal kontaktovat na Stavebn\u00ed fakult\u011b \u010cVUT v Praze s doc. Ing. dr. Ladislavem Nov\u00e1\u010dkem, DrSc., kter\u00fd propo\u010d\u00edtal tvar kapoty z plastov\u00fdch sendvi\u010dov\u00fdch prvk\u016f jako jednopl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov\u00fd rota\u010dn\u00ed hyperboloid a ur\u010dil jej\u00ed napjatost. (P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee jde o plochu p\u0159\u00edmkovou, je mo\u017eno ji vytvo\u0159it z dvojic prot\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch se p\u0159\u00edmek.) Mlad\u0161\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 na t\u00e9\u017ee fakult\u011b, doc. Ing. Jaroslav Nov\u00e1k, CSc., a doc. Ing. Zden\u011bk Tobolka, CSc., \u0159e\u0161ili konstruk\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9my p\u0159edp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a kotven\u00ed plastov\u00fdch ty\u010d\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00edch nosn\u00fd syst\u00e9m kapoty. V Kloknerov\u011b (tehdej\u0161\u00edm Stavebn\u00edm) \u00fastavu \u010cVUT Ing. Lum\u00edr Skupin, DrSc., zase \u0159e\u0161il technologick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v\u00fdroby a spojov\u00e1n\u00ed prvk\u016f a\u017e ke zd\u00e1rn\u00e9mu v\u00fdsledku, kdy bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vhodn\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pro t\u0159i podla\u017e\u00ed s ant\u00e9nami realizovat. Jako podp\u016frn\u00fd syst\u00e9m pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b se uplatnily lamin\u00e1tov\u00e9 coulov\u00e9 nosn\u00e9 ty\u010de d\u00e9lky 11 m, z\u00edskan\u00e9 od v\u00fdrobce ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch prut\u016f Ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd svaz ve \u017d\u010f\u00e1ru nad S\u00e1zavou, a d\u00e1le epoxidov\u00e9 trubky. Byl to velk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch jak pro celkov\u00fd estetick\u00fd dojem, tak i pro vys\u00edlan\u00fd sign\u00e1l. \u00danosnost pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b byla v\u00edcekr\u00e1t ov\u011b\u0159ena v praxi, kdy\u017e t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kusy n\u00e1mrazy (o hmotnosti \u00fadajn\u011b a\u017e p\u016fl tuny) odpad\u00e1valy z ant\u00e9n u vrcholu v\u011b\u017ee. Mnoh\u00e9, zde poprv\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00e9 prvky byly pou\u017eity i na jin\u00fdch stavb\u00e1ch, kde se nav\u00edc ji\u017e mohla uplatnit i r\u016fzn\u00e1 zdokonalen\u00ed, vze\u0161l\u00e1 z takto z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd televizn\u00ed program<\/h4>\n

Koncem \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed byla vl\u00e1da socialistick\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska postavena p\u0159ed nal\u00e9hav\u00fd \u00fakol p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit se Z\u00e1padu i po\u010dtem televizn\u00edch program\u016f. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b to znamenalo zav\u00e9st vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed ve druh\u00e9m programu a pokr\u00fdt \u00fazem\u00ed cel\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu jeho sign\u00e1lem. To p\u0159ineslo nutnost \u0159e\u0161it instalace dal\u0161\u00edch ant\u00e9n, v\u00fdstavbu nov\u00fdch vys\u00edla\u010d\u016f a rekonstrukci t\u011bch existuj\u00edc\u00edch. Uveden\u00e1 situace p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela probl\u00e9my. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011blo prob\u00edhat ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch frekven\u010dn\u00edch p\u00e1smech, kdy sign\u00e1l se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo\u010da\u0159eji ne\u017e sign\u00e1ly dosud pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9, byly sice ant\u00e9ny rozm\u011brov\u011b men\u0161\u00ed, musely b\u00fdt v\u0161ak instalov\u00e1ny co nejv\u00fd\u0161e. V z\u00e1jmu v\u0161esm\u011brn\u00e9ho vyza\u0159ovac\u00edho diagramu musely b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 ant\u00e9nn\u00ed prvky t\u011bsn\u011b (z\u00e1dy) u sebe, tak\u017ee mezi nimi bylo m\u00e1lo m\u00edsta na nosnou kovovou konstrukci, kter\u00e1 nesm\u011bla zasahovat do vyza\u0159ovan\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu. Kone\u010dn\u011b, cel\u00fd ant\u00e9nn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro druh\u00fd program se nesm\u011bl vlivem v\u011btru p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nakl\u00e1n\u011bt \u010di dokonce kmitat, aby vys\u00edlan\u00fd sign\u00e1l byl stabiln\u00ed i u okraj\u016f pokryt\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Probl\u00e9mem tedy bylo zajistit dostate\u010dnou tuhost patn\u00e1cti- a\u017e dvacetimetrov\u00e9 konzoly nosi\u010de t\u011bchto ant\u00e9n p\u0159i jej\u00edm mal\u00e9m p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9m rozm\u011bru a tuto konzolu um\u00edstit dovnit\u0159 mezi ant\u00e9nn\u00edmi prvky.
Je\u0161t\u011bdsk\u00fd vys\u00edla\u010d, vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed v t\u00e9to dob\u011b, u\u017e samoz\u0159ejm\u011b byl pro vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u00e9ho programu ur\u010den, byl tedy prvn\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b, kde projektanti museli v\u0161echny uveden\u00e9 probl\u00e9my vy\u0159e\u0161it. Byl to op\u011bt Zden\u011bk Patrman, kter\u00fd p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd ejpovick\u00fd podnik, \u017ee podobn\u011b jako vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed jin\u00e9 velk\u00e9 lamin\u00e1tov\u00e9 n\u00e1doby, mohou vyr\u00e1b\u011bt i v\u00e1lce pr\u016fm\u011bru 1,90 m vysok\u00e9 3,00 m a dokonce je i nav\u00edjet v celku s p\u0159\u00edrubami, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi se\u0161roubov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fdchto v\u00e1lcov\u00fdch prvk\u016f do pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky ant\u00e9nn\u00ed konzoly, ov\u0161em plastov\u00fdmi \u0161rouby. Kdy\u017e se pak prosadilo i pou\u017eit\u00ed skeln\u00e9 tkaniny pat\u0159i\u010dn\u011b hust\u011b nav\u00edjen\u00e9 a z tehdej\u0161\u00edho z\u00e1padn\u00edho N\u011bmecka dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho epoxidu, byl z\u00edsk\u00e1n materi\u00e1l a t\u00edm i v\u00e1lcov\u00fd konstruk\u010dn\u00ed prvek, kter\u00fd ant\u00e9ny chr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed pov\u011btrnost\u00ed, byl dostate\u010dn\u011b pevn\u00fd a tuh\u00fd v ohybu (modul pru\u017enosti a\u017e 30 GPa) a kter\u00fdm vys\u00edlan\u00e9 vlny proch\u00e1zely bez obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Tento postup byl pak aplikov\u00e1n mnohokr\u00e1t, pro mal\u00e9 i velk\u00e9, nov\u00e9 i rekonstruovan\u00e9 vys\u00edla\u010de, nap\u0159. v Polsku. Vzorky pou\u017eit\u00e9ho lamin\u00e1tu byly podrobeny pevnostn\u00edm i \u00fanavov\u00fdm zkou\u0161k\u00e1m (Vlastimil K\u0159upka a dal\u0161\u00ed). Uveden\u00e1 technologie se d\u00e1le vyv\u00edjela, nap\u0159\u00edklad nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1 ho\u0159lavost lamin\u00e1tu si vynutila p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsad zpomaluj\u00edc\u00edch ho\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak zhor\u0161ovaly pr\u016fchod elektromagnetick\u00fdch vln. V dal\u0161\u00edch letech se za\u010daly pou\u017e\u00edvat dokonalej\u0161\u00ed a men\u0161\u00ed ant\u00e9nn\u00ed jednotky, n\u011bkde se p\u0159e\u0161lo na men\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br v\u00e1lc\u016f (1,60 m) a na jejich v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u00e9lku (5,0 m). Bylo norm\u00e1ln\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj pokra\u010doval, jeho po\u010d\u00e1tek byl ale u\u010din\u011bn na v\u011b\u017ei vys\u00edla\u010de Je\u0161t\u011bd.<\/p>\n

Prof. Ing. Ond\u0159ej Fischer, DrSc.,<\/em>
\u00dastav teoretick\u00e9 a aplikovan\u00e9 mechaniky Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR<\/em>
(z \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201eJe\u0161t\u011b k Je\u0161t\u011bdu\u201c foto: archiv autora)<\/em><\/p>\n

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Zaj\u00edmavosti OCEN\u011aN\u00cd KYVADLO OCEN\u011aN\u00cd STAVBY |\u00a0 Cena UIA Augusta Perreta (1969)\u2028 Stavba stolet\u00ed (2000) Hlavn\u00ed architekt\u00a0 |\u00a0 Karel Hub\u00e1\u010dek N\u00e1vrhy interi\u00e9r\u016f hotelu a\u00a0restaurace\u00a0 |\u00a0 Otakar Binar Statika\u00a0 |\u00a0 Zden\u011bk Patrman, Zden\u011bk Zacha\u0159 Stavebn\u00ed konstrukce\u00a0 |\u00a0 Josef Patrman a\u00a0V\u00e1clav B\u016f\u017eek Rozpo\u010dty\u00a0 |\u00a0 Jaroslav Kouck\u00fd Elektro\u00a0 |\u00a0 Sl\u00e1vek Zr\u016fst Vzduchotechnika a\u00a0vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0 |\u00a0 Otta Valouch V\u00fd\u0161ka stavby\u00a0 |\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"\nZaj\u00edmavosti - Fenom\u00e9n Je\u0161t\u011bd<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jiroutek.work\/fenomen\/zajimavosti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zaj\u00edmavosti - 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